Fire and Safety Engineering Course - POSHE

Fire and Safety Engineering Course as a career option is fast catching up with the students in India. Whereas in abroad, Safety is an integral part of most of university programs.

Fire Engineering and Safety Management is getting its underlying foundations quickly as a profession option in India. It is just in nowadays that a large portion of the general population of our nation are getting to know it, though in abroad fire engineering.

Job Prospects

• Fire Officer/Fire Protection Technician/Safety Supervisor,
• HSE Engineer/ HSE Advisor,
• Safety Officer / Safety Manager,
• HSE / EHS Officer/ Manager
• Fire Men / Officer Safety Steward
• Safety Assistant / Environmental Engineer

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Safety Abbreviations Contd

RNOAD	Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Disease
RPA	Radiation Protection Adviser
RPE	Respiratory Protective Equipment
Rz	Roughness
SDS	Safety Data Sheets
SLC	Sound Level Conversation
SNR	Single Number Rating
SO2	Sulphur Dioxide
SRV	Slip Resistance Rating
STEL	Short‐term Exposure Limit
SWL	Safe WorkingLoad
TTS	Temporary Threshold Shift
TWA	Time Weighted Average
TLVs	Threshold Limit Values
UNRTDG	UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
UV	Ultraviolet
VWF	Vibration White Finger
WAH	Work at Height Regulations 2005
WBV	Whole Body Vibration
WEL	Workplace Exposure Limit
WHO	World Health Organisation
WRULDs	Work‐related UpperLimb Disorders

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Electricity - Fire Safety

Safe Systems of Work

Where work is to be undertaken on electrical apparatus or part of a circuit, a formally operated, safe system of work is essential. This commonly takes the form of a Permit to Work system, which ensures the following procedures and precautions:

• Switching off and locking out the electricity supply, i.e. isolation;
• Checking by the use of an appropriate voltage detection instrument that the circuit, that part of same to be worked on, is dead before work commences;
• High levels of supervision and control to ensure that work is undertaken correctly and that Permit to Work procedures are followed;
• Paying particular attention to the precautions where electrical installation or maintenance work is to be undertaken in wet surroundings, in external areas and in confined spaces;
• Examining appliances by a competent person on a regular basis, including the leads, and any extension leads used that may have become damaged;
• Implementing physical precautions, such as the erection of barriers and signs restricting access to the area; and
• Formal cancellation of the Permit to Work once the work is completed satisfactorily and return to service of the appliance, plant or system in question.

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Fire Proximity Suit - POSHE

A fire proximity suit (also, silvers or silver bunker suit) is a suit designed to protect a firefighter from high temperatures, especially near fires of extreme temperature such as aircraft fires.

There are three basic types of these aluminized suits:

• Approach suit—used for work in the general area of high temperatures such as steel mills and smelting facilities. (Ambient heat protection up to ~200 °F (93 °C).)
• Proximity suit—used for aircraft rescue and fire fighting (AR-FF) and, in more heavily insulated versions, for kiln work requiring entry into the heated kiln. (Kiln suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C) and proximity ambient protection~ 500 °F (260 °C))
• Entry suit—used for entry into extreme heat and situations requiring protection from total flame engulfment. Most commonly made of Zetex or Vermiculite and not aluminized. (Entry suit ambient protection ~2,000 °F (1,093 °C)) for short duration and prolonged radiant heat up to 1,500 °F (816 °C).

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International Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety

Gain recognition for health and safety expertise worldwide with BSC IDipOSH. This diploma is suitable for delegates who wish to set their long term career in Health and Safety. The course covers risk management, health and safety culture and Occupational health.


Course Modules

Unit 1: Principles of health and safety Management.
Unit 2: Safeguarding People's Health in the Workplace.
Unit 3: Promoting a Positive Health and Safety Culture in the Workplace.

Assessment

The International Diploma in Occupational Safety & Health exam is assessed in Three units:

Unit 1: Principles Health and Safety Management - 3 Hrs written exam
Unit 2: Safeguarding People's Health in the Workplace - 2.5 Hrs written exam and 5000 words assignment
Unit 3: Promoting a Positive Health and Safety Culture in the Workplace - 10,000 words Assignment only

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Tips For Fire Safety

Space Heaters Need Space
Keep portable and space heaters at least 3 feet from anything that may burn. Never leave heaters on when you leave home or go to sleep. Children and pets should always be kept away from them.

Smokers Need To Be Extra Careful
Never smoke in bed or when you are sleepy. Carelessly discarded cigarettes are a leading cause of fire deaths in the United States.

Be Careful Cooking
Keep cooking areas clear of combustibles and wear short or tight-fitting sleeves when you cook. Keep the handles of your pots turned inward so they do not over-hang the stove. If grease catches fire, carefully slide a lid over the pan and smother the flames, then turn off the burner.

Matches and Lighters are Dangerous
In the hands of a child, matches and lighters can be deadly! Store them where kids can't reach them, preferably in a locked area. Teach children that matches and lighters are "tools" and should only be used by adults.

Use Electricity Safely
If an appliance smokes or has an unusual smell, unplug it immediately and have it repaired. Replace frayed or cracked electrical cords and don't overload extension cords. They should not be run under rugs. Never tamper with the fuse box or use the improper size fuse.

Cool a Burn
If someone gets burned, immediately place the wound under cool water for 10 to 15 minutes. If the burn blisters or chars, see a doctor immediately!

Be Careful of Halogen Lights
If you have halogen lights, make sure they are away from flammable drapes and low ceiling areas. Never leave them on when you leave your home or office.
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Flammable and Combustible Materials

Flammable and Combustible Materials

Ignitable liquids generate vapors that burn. Vapors may travel significant distances before reaching a heat source or build up in an enclosed space and cause an explosion. Minimizing the amount of fuel in your areas and properly storing materials you have, are two important ways of preventing fires.

Ignitable liquids are designated as flammable or combustible, depending on flash point and boiling point. Flammable and combustible materials are further designated as Class I or Class II. This is important, as different storage rules apply to each class.

All flammable and combustible liquids must be stored in approved, sealed containers. Approvedcontainers include the original (factory) container or designated safety can.

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Classes of Fire - Fire Safety

Types & Applications

Class A
Class A fires are fires in ordinary combustibles such as wood, 

paper, cloth, trash, and plastics.

Class B
Class B fires are fires in flammable liquids such as gasoline, petroleum oil and paint. Class B fires also include flammable gases such as propane and butane. Class B fires do not include fires involving cooking oils and grease.

Class C
Class C fires are fires involving energized electrical equipment such as motors, transformers, and appliances. Remove the power and the Class C fire becomes one of the other classes of fire.

Class D
Class D fires are fires in combustible metals such as potassium, sodium, aluminum, and magnesium.

Class K

Class K fires are fires in cooking oils and greases such as animals fats and vegetable fats.

Some types of fire extinguishing agents can be used on more than one class of fire. Others have warnings where it would be dangerous for the operator to use a particular fire extinguishing agent.

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Elements of Combustion - Fire Safety

Elements of Combustion

• Oxygen
• Fuel
• Heat
• Chemical reaction

Basic fire prevention involves separating the elements that contribute to combustion. Fuel, heat, and an oxidizer (typically oxygen in air) combine to create a sustained combustion chemical reaction. Together, these four elements are represented by the fire tetrahedron. Below are some examples of each.

Remember to keep storage of fuel and oxidizers to a minimum and away from the other elements. Always monitor operations to avoid excessive heat.

Flash Point – The lowest temperature at which a material can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.

Boiling Point –The temperature at which a given material changes from liquid to gas.

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON

There are basic 3 element need to produce fire.

• HEAT
• FUEL
• OXYGEN

if one of component is not presents the fire will not created.

Beside 3 elements there is forth element which is essential for continuation of fire once ignited.this is known as "CHAIN REACTION".

Once fire occurs the burned substunce produce lots of heat which tends to burn remaining fuel substance.this reaction occurs again and again.which is called "chain reaction"

Fire is OXIDATION process which produce heat its is also called EXOTHERMIC reaction..

OXIDATION = EXOTHERMIC R. = PRODUCE HEAT.
REDUCTION = ENDOTHERMIC R. = ABSORB HEAT.

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TYPES OF HOSES - Fire Safety

Hoses are flexible pipe used to convey water from the source to the scene of fire.

TYPES OF HOSE : 

1. DELIVERY HOSE 
2. SUCTION HOSE 
3. HOSE REEL HOSE

1) Delivery Hose

This is connected to the discharge side of the pump. This is subjected to a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure. These are available in the Fallowing type:

(i) Percolating / Unlined / Canvas hose which are made of vegetable fibers.
(ii) Non percolating hose made up of plastic material forming both lining as well as the outer cover. These are no porous in nature.
(iii) Controlled percolating hose consisting of a jacket woven from vegetable fibers and having rubber / plastic lining.

2) Suction Hose

These are connected to the suction side of the pump. These are subjected to either above or below the atmospheric pressure. These are of following
types:
(i) Partially embedded
(ii) Smooth Bore fully embedded.

3) Hose Reel

These are made of reinforced rubber fitted with a swiveling joint bound over a reel. A squeeze nozzle is provided at one end.

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Health Risks from Blood Borne Viruses

Blood Borne Viruses are Hepatitis (causative agent for jaundice nd liver damage) and HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Causative agent for AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Contaminated body fluids can cause infection by contact with damaged skin, needle-stick injury and even splashing to the eyes and mouth.

Circumstances that a worker may be exposed to Blood Borne Viruses

Health care workers are more vulnerable to infection while handling body fluids of infected patients and when disposing infected needles. Waste disposal workers are other category of people who may contract infection while incorrect handling of clinical waste. 

Workers who are engaged in the transportation of body fluids are also vulnerable, who may inadvertently contract infection. Other circumstances that would lead to exposure to BBVs may be through injuries to infected person when occur at workplace such as cuts, bruise crush etc., and workers engaged in acts of tattooing and body piercing.

Control Measures to overcome the Health Risks from Blood Borne Viruses

The control measures to overcome the health risks from blood borne viruses would be correct Disposal of potentially contaminated material such as clinical waste; 

Prevention of needle-stick injuries by correct disposal of sharps in a sharps bin; 

Use of PPE such as gloves and eye protection when handling potentially contaminated material; Drawing up and enforcement of decontamination and disinfection procedure; 

Vaccination where appropriate (for hepatitis) for vulnerable persons;

Covering up the wounds; 

Procedures to deal with accidental exposure.

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Wood Dust Risk & Control Measures

Health Risk which could be associated with the wood dust

Wood dust is a ‘substance hazardous to health’ because it can cause serious non-reversible health problems, such as skin disorders; obstruction in the nose, and rhinitis; occupational asthma (mainly when cedar wood is used) and a rare type of nasal cancer.

Operations that produce high levels of Wood Dust Exposure

• Machining operations, particularly sawing, routing and turning; 
• Sanding, by machine and by hand; 
• Hand assembly of machined or sanded components; 
• The bagging of dust from dust extraction systems; 
• Using compressed airlines to blow dust off furniture and other articles probably for housekeeping or for preparing the furniture for coating varnishes and paints;

Control Measures that reduce the Risk from the Wood Dust

Set Exposure Limits
These are limits placed on the amount of dust in the air, averaged over an eight-hour working day. Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL) of 5mg/m3 is set by HSE(UK), which must not be exceeded. However, exposure must reduced to as low as ‘reasonably practicable’.

Dust Extraction
Provide dust extraction (also known as local exhaust ventilation or LEV) at woodworking machines to capture and remove dust before it can spread. Extraction system must to take into account the number and type of machines to be connected to it, and the layout of the workshop or factory. Fitting air flow indicators will help to know and maintain required air flow and extraction vacuum.

Education and awareness
Workers need to be educated about the risks from wood dust and the control measures required. They must be aware of the extraction system’s functioning and ways to improve efficiency of LEV system; never to sweep up or use compressed air lines as this will disturb the dust and allow it to become inhaled; clean up using a suitable industrial vacuum cleaner.

Respiratory Protective Equipment (REP)
Mask with appropriate cartridge for activities such as sanding may be needed and correct fitment is to be ensured.

Health Surveillance
As workers are at risk of acquiring asthma – a chronic case, health surveillance would be required to identify early symptoms. A low level health surveillance involving workers to complete questionnaire will be sufficient. Where high risk is involved (using red cedar wood), a higher level of health surveillance, including lung function testing, is needed.

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Learn About Fire Safety - FIRE PREVENTION

• Try not to leave electrical machines unattended
• Switch off electric machines after use and remove the socket. It is fire safe practice. 
• Try not to over-burden electrical circuit; it may cause short circuit and a fire
• Don't keep electric wiring hanging, secure appropriately. 
• Try not to utilize light the in the event of force disappointment. Client battery worked tourches. 
• Smoke just in the Smoking Zone, use non-flammable ashtrays for storing lit smoking material 
• Use ashtray while Smoking 
• Keep matches, saltines, lighters far from the kids. 
• Try not to permit kids to play with fireworks. 

• Do not light fire works near the structures . 
• Close the windows and openings appropriately to counteract entrance of lit flying saltines. 
• Try not to leave lit oil lights, agarbattis or candles on the floor or close ignitable material. Put them off before resigning to bed. 
• Do not store scrap/combustible material in and around the building; dispose it regularly.
• Keep L.P.G. Stove/Segree/Burner on raised non-ignitable stage. 
• Turn off both the L.P.G. gas barrel valve and burner handle of the gas segree/cooking extent and so on when not being used in the wake of cooking. 
• Ventilate the whole room if L.P.G. chamber is spilling and don't switch on/off any of the electric switches the room in . Supplant L.P.G. supply tube intermittently or as and when prompted by Mechanic. 
• In the event that L.P.G. barrel is spilling 

                - Close the principle barrel valve.
                - Ventilate the whole room.
                - Do not work electric switch.

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