Monday 28 November 2016

Cause of Stress

Stress within the organisation may be identified by: informal observation and conversation with personnel and supervisors; performance appraisal with an opportunity for open discussion of problems; monitoring of attendance records and conducting ‘return to work’ interviews; sickness absence / ill-­‐health trends; data showing reduced productivity; and high staff turnover.

CAUSES OF STRESS

Culture: of the organisation and how it approaches work-­‐related stress, e.g. communication, consultation, staff support systems, working hours;
Demands: workload too high or too low, shift work and unsocial hours, excessive overtime, and exposure to violence and bullying;

Control: how much control the person has in the way they do their work, e.g. work planning, use of acquired skills, repetitive or monotonous work;

Relationships: between employees, e.g. physical violence, threatened or actual, verbal abuse such as repeated shouting and swearing, malicious gossip; victimisation such as excessive supervision, unjustified picking of faults, prevention of career Physical and Psychological Health Hazards and Risk Control 603 development; sexual harassment; and discrimination due to gender, race or disability;

Change: how organisational change is managed and communicated in the organisation, e.g. new technology, restructuring, redundancies, and unclear objectives;

Role: job insecurity, fear of redundancy, being unclear about role, responsibilities and expectations, conflicting roles, e.g. the conflict of different job demands such as working for more than one manager;

Individual: skills not matched to the task, inadequate training, unclear job description, and fair and open feedback on the work and role, illness, financial worries, family commitments; and

Environment: inadequate lighting, problems with glare, cramped or untidy working conditions, security problems, extremes of temperature and / or humidity, inadequate ventilation, draughty conditions, high noise and vibration levels, inadequate welfare facilities and poor weather conditions for those working outside.


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Friday 25 November 2016

Stress - Definition

‘The adverse reaction people have to excessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them’. (HSE, 2003).

The definition makes an important distinction between the:

Beneficial effects of reasonable pressure and challenge (which can be stimulating, motivating, and can give a ‘buzz’); and

Excessive pressure resulting in stress, which is the natural but distressing reaction to demands that a person perceives they cannot cope with.



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Monday 21 November 2016

What is the difference between Ionizing Radiation and Non-ionizing Radiation?

Radiation is the process where waves or energy particles (e.g. Gamma rays, x-rays, photons) travel through a medium or space. Radioactivity is the spontaneous nuclear transformation that results in the formation of new elements.

What is the difference between Ionizing Radiation and  Non-ionizing Radiation?
  • Ionizing radiation has high energy than the non-ionizing radiation.
  • Therefore, ionizing radiation can emit electrons or other particles from atoms when they collide. However, non-ionizing radiation can only excite electrons from a lower level to a higher level upon encountering.
  • UV, visible, IR, microwave and radio waves are categorized as non-ionizing radiation, whereas alpha, gamma, and X rays can be categorized as ionizing radiation.

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Friday 18 November 2016

Safety Abbreviations Contd

RNOAD
Recording and Notification of Occupational Accidents and Disease
RPA
Radiation Protection Adviser
RPE
Respiratory Protective Equipment
Rz
Roughness
SDS
Safety Data Sheets
SLC
Sound Level Conversation
SNR
Single Number Rating
SO2
Sulphur Dioxide
SRV
Slip Resistance Rating
STEL
Short‐term Exposure Limit
SWL
Safe WorkingLoad
TTS
Temporary Threshold Shift
TWA
Time Weighted Average
TLVs
Threshold Limit Values
UNRTDG
UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods
UV
Ultraviolet
VWF
Vibration White Finger
WAH
Work at Height Regulations 2005
WBV
Whole Body Vibration
WEL
Workplace Exposure Limit
WHO
World Health Organisation
WRULDs
Work‐related UpperLimb Disorders


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Tuesday 15 November 2016

Safety Abbreviations Contd

Safety Abbreviations


ICRP
International Commission of Radiological Protection
IEC
International Electro technical Commission
ILO
International Labour Organisation
ILV
Indicative Limit Values
IOELV
Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Value
ISO
International Standardisation Organisation
IT
Information Technology
KPI
Key Performance Indicator
LEV
Local Exhaust Ventilation
LFS
Labour Force Survey
LGV
Large Goods Vehicle
LPG
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
LTEL
Long‐term Exposure Limit
mS
milliSeconds
MEWP
Mobile Elevated Work Platform
MHSWR
Management of Health and Safety at Work 1999
MSDs
Musculoskeletal Disorders
NGO
Non‐Governmental Organisation
NOx
Nitrogen Oxides
NRR
Noise Reduction Rating
OHSAS
Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health
OSH
Occupational Safety and Health
PAT
Portable Appliance Testing
PCV
Passenger Carrying Vehicle
PEL
Permissible Exposure Limits
PNA
Predicted Noise Attenuation
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
PTS
Permanent Threshold Limit
PTW
Permit-to-work
RCD
Residual Current Device
RCSs
Risk Control System
REACH
Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals


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Thursday 10 November 2016

Safety Abbreviations

DC
Direct Current
DOSH
Department of Occupational Safety and Health
DSE
Display Screen Equipment
EEA
European Economic Area
EFAW
Emergency First‐Aid at Work
EPL
Equipment Protection Level
ESA
European Safety Agency
ETA
Event Tree Analysis
EU
European Union
FAW
First‐Aid at Work
FLT
Forklift Truck
FMEA
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
FRA
Fire Risk Assessment
FTA
Fault Tree Analysis
GHS
Globally Harmonised System
GNP
Gross National Product
HASAWA
Health and safety at Work etc., Act 1974
HAVS
Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome
HAZOP
Hazard and Operability Studies
HEPA
High-efficiency Particulate Arrester
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSC
Health and Safety Commission
HSE
Health and Safety Executive
HSG
Health and Safety Guidance


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