Advantages & Disadvantages of Grab Sampling

Advantages of grab sampling	Disadvantages of grab sampling
Low cost	inaccurate;
Takes little time	Results depend upon positioning of the tube;
Immediate result	Only a ‘snap shot’ is taken during a small amount of time;
Operators need little experience	The pump may be inefficient or inaccurate in each sample;
Gives indication during emergency spillages, etc.; and	Chemical use only (no dusts); and
Good for ‘coarse’ indication of measurement	Substance specific – the substance sampled must be known.

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CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE

Irritant:
(Xi) non-­‐corrosive substances, which, through immediate, prolonged or repeated contact with the skin or mucous membrane, may cause inflammation, e.g. petrol, detergent, nuisance dusts.

Corrosive:
(C) substances, which, on contact with living tissue, may destroy it by burning, e.g. hydrochloric acid or strong alkalis such as ammonia.

• Acids: Sulphuric acid; hydrochloric acid; nitric acid; phosphoric acids.
• Alkalis: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda); potassium hydroxide (caustic potash).
• Gases and vapours: Hydrogen chloride is a colourless gas that in moist air appears as a white mist which is poisonous and corrosive. Many corrosive liquids expel damaging corrosive vapours which are irritating or cause burns to the eyes or respiratory tract.

Harmful:
(Xn) substances, which, if swallowed, inhaled or penetrate the skin, may cause damage to health. E.g.: Category 3 carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens.

Very Toxic:
(T+) poisonous substances, which, in very low quantities, may cause death, acute or chronic damage to health.

Toxic:
(T) a poisonous substance, which, in low quantities, may cause death, acute or chronic damage to health when inhaled, swallowed or absorbed via the skin. Some substances (such as potassium cyanide) can cause death in extremely small quantities. Insecticides are toxic to insects but the quantity used is restricted so they are not harmful to humans, though it might be necessary for persons applying it extensively to wear protective equipment to reduce their exposure.

Sensitising:
These are substances and preparations that may cause an allergic reaction.

Carcinogenic (Carc Categories 1 and 2):
substances, which cause disorders to cell growth that may lead to cancer or increase its incidence.

Mutagenic (Muta Categories 1 and 2):
substances, which induce heritable genetic defects or increase their incidence.

Toxic for reproduction (Teratogenic):
(Repr Categories 1 and 2) substances, which produce or increase the incidence of non-­heritable effects in progeny and/or impairment in reproductive functions or capacity.

The last three items are commonly grouped together and known collectively as “CMR” effects. Note that in classifying a particular chemical the hazards it presents may lie within any or all of the general classifications and more than one class of danger may be identified. Thus nitric acid in high concentration is classified as both oxidising and corrosive.

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Learn About Fire Safety - FIRE PREVENTION

• Try not to leave electrical machines unattended
• Switch off electric machines after use and remove the socket. It is fire safe practice. 
• Try not to over-burden electrical circuit; it may cause short circuit and a fire
• Don't keep electric wiring hanging, secure appropriately. 
• Try not to utilize light the in the event of force disappointment. Client battery worked tourches. 
• Smoke just in the Smoking Zone, use non-flammable ashtrays for storing lit smoking material 
• Use ashtray while Smoking 
• Keep matches, saltines, lighters far from the kids. 
• Try not to permit kids to play with fireworks. 

• Do not light fire works near the structures . 
• Close the windows and openings appropriately to counteract entrance of lit flying saltines. 
• Try not to leave lit oil lights, agarbattis or candles on the floor or close ignitable material. Put them off before resigning to bed. 
• Do not store scrap/combustible material in and around the building; dispose it regularly.
• Keep L.P.G. Stove/Segree/Burner on raised non-ignitable stage. 
• Turn off both the L.P.G. gas barrel valve and burner handle of the gas segree/cooking extent and so on when not being used in the wake of cooking. 
• Ventilate the whole room if L.P.G. chamber is spilling and don't switch on/off any of the electric switches the room in . Supplant L.P.G. supply tube intermittently or as and when prompted by Mechanic. 
• In the event that L.P.G. barrel is spilling 

                - Close the principle barrel valve.
                - Ventilate the whole room.
                - Do not work electric switch.

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