Wood Dust Risk & Control Measures

Health Risk which could be associated with the wood dust

Wood dust is a ‘substance hazardous to health’ because it can cause serious non-reversible health problems, such as skin disorders; obstruction in the nose, and rhinitis; occupational asthma (mainly when cedar wood is used) and a rare type of nasal cancer.

Operations that produce high levels of Wood Dust Exposure

• Machining operations, particularly sawing, routing and turning; 
• Sanding, by machine and by hand; 
• Hand assembly of machined or sanded components; 
• The bagging of dust from dust extraction systems; 
• Using compressed airlines to blow dust off furniture and other articles probably for housekeeping or for preparing the furniture for coating varnishes and paints;

Control Measures that reduce the Risk from the Wood Dust

Set Exposure Limits
These are limits placed on the amount of dust in the air, averaged over an eight-hour working day. Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL) of 5mg/m3 is set by HSE(UK), which must not be exceeded. However, exposure must reduced to as low as ‘reasonably practicable’.

Dust Extraction
Provide dust extraction (also known as local exhaust ventilation or LEV) at woodworking machines to capture and remove dust before it can spread. Extraction system must to take into account the number and type of machines to be connected to it, and the layout of the workshop or factory. Fitting air flow indicators will help to know and maintain required air flow and extraction vacuum.

Education and awareness
Workers need to be educated about the risks from wood dust and the control measures required. They must be aware of the extraction system’s functioning and ways to improve efficiency of LEV system; never to sweep up or use compressed air lines as this will disturb the dust and allow it to become inhaled; clean up using a suitable industrial vacuum cleaner.

Respiratory Protective Equipment (REP)
Mask with appropriate cartridge for activities such as sanding may be needed and correct fitment is to be ensured.

Health Surveillance
As workers are at risk of acquiring asthma – a chronic case, health surveillance would be required to identify early symptoms. A low level health surveillance involving workers to complete questionnaire will be sufficient. Where high risk is involved (using red cedar wood), a higher level of health surveillance, including lung function testing, is needed.

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WRULD(Work-related neck and upper limb disorders) - Factors

Work-related neck and upper limb disorders (WRULDs) are the commonest occupational diseases in Europe. They affect the neck, shoulders, arms, hands, wrists and fingers, causing pain, discomfort, numbness and tingling sensations.

Factors leading to WRULDs can be related to task being done and the equipment used such as:

REPETITION - The need for repetitive movements when carrying out the task (example –typing for several hours)

FORCE - The physical force required to perform the task and the strain this puts on the body (example – cutting metal wires using pliers)

POSTURE - Any requirement to adopt an awkward posture (example –stooping over to pick up) 

TWISITING - Any twisting action required by the task (example –twisting the wrist when using screwdriver)

REST - Work rate that won’t allow to rest or recover from fatigue (example- working in-line assembly) 


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First Aid Signs & Meaning

Emergency Shower - In Case Of Chemical

Splash Wash For 15 Minutes Prior To Medical Treatment

Direct and inform employees of first aid equipment and emergency information

First Aid with Left Arrow

Indicates direction to first aid in the event of an emergency

Keep staff informed of the nearest first aid kit

Emergency Breathing Apparatus

Emergency Eye Wash In Case Of Chemical

Splash Wash For 15 Minutes Prior To Medical Treatment

First Aid

Direct and inform employees of first aid equipment and emergency information

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PPE Type - Hearing Protection

PPE Type - Hearing Protection
 
PPE for hearing protection consists of earplugs and ear covers. Laborers who are consistently presented to commotion levels over the NIOSH proposal should be furnished hearing protection by the businesses, as they are a low-cost intervention.

 
There are mainly four Types of Earplugs for hearing protection:

• Foam earplugs, mainly made from either polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane (PU) (memory foam), which are compressed (rolled) and put into the ear canal, where they expand to plug it
• Silicone earplugs, which are rolled into a ball and carefully molded to fit over the external portion of the ear canal
• Flanged earplugs, including most types of musicians' or 'Hi-Fi' earplugs.
• Custom molded earplugs, made from a mold of the wearer's ear and designed to precisely fit all ear canal shapes. Custom molded is further divided into laboratory-made and "formed in place"

There are mainly four Types of Earmuffs for hearing protection:

• Thermal earmuffs, worn in cold environments to keep a person's ears warm with pads of cloth or fur.
• Acoustic earmuffs, also known as ear defenders: cups lined with sound-deadening material, like thermal earmuffs and headphones in appearance, which are worn as hearing protection. These may be carried on a head-band or clipped onto the sides of a hard hat, for use on construction sites.

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PPE Types - Eye protection

Goggles give preferable security over wellbeing glasses, and are viable in keeping eye harm from substance sprinkles, sway, dusty situations and welding. Goggles with high wind stream ought to be utilized to counteract hazing. 

Face shields give extra security and are worn over the standard eyewear, they additionally give insurance from effect, concoction, and blood-borne perils. 

Full-face piece respirators are viewed as the best type of eye insurance when respiratory assurance is required also, yet may be less compelling against potential effect perils to the eye. 

Eye insurance for welding is shaded to diverse degrees, contingent upon the particular operation.

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Personal Protective Equipment Types - Skin protection

Skin protection

Skin hazards, which lead to occupational skin disease, can be classified into four groups. 

Chemical agents can come into contact with the skin through direct contact with contaminated surfaces, deposition of aerosols, immersion or splashes.

Physical agents such as extreme temperatures and ultraviolet or solar radiation can be damaging to the skin over prolonged exposure. 

Mechanical trauma occurs in the form of friction, pressure, abrasions, lacerations and contusions. 

Biological agents such as parasites, microorganisms, plants and animals can have varied effects when exposed to the skin.

Any form of PPE that acts as a barrier between the skin and the agent of exposure can be considered skin protection.

Some examples of gloves commonly used as PPE include rubber gloves, cut-resistant gloves, chainsaw gloves and heat-resistant gloves.

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