BS 8800(18001) Approach - H & S Risk Assessment

Classify work activities: prepare a list of work activities covering premises, plant, people and procedures.

Identify Hazards: Identify all significant hazards relating to each work activity. Considering who might be harmed and how

Determine risk: make a subjective estimate of the risk associated with each hazard assuming that planned or existing health and safety precautions are in place. Assessors should also consider the effectiveness of the controls and the consequences of their failure.

Decide is risk is tolerable: judge whether planned or existing OH&S precautions (if any) are sufficient to keep the hazard under control and meet legal requirements.

Prepare a risk control plan (if necessary): prepare a plan to deal with any of the issues found by the assessment to require attention. Organisations should ensure that new and existing controls remain in place and are effective.

Review adequacy of action plan: re-assess risks on the basis of the revised controls and check that risks will be tolerable.

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The Stages of Risk Assessment

RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
A number of Guides have been produced to assist organisations in assessing workplace risks in a methodical manner. These include:

• Health & Safety Executive - Five Steps to Risk Assessment 
• IChemE - Practical Risk Assessment 
• BSI (1996) - BS8800: Guide to Occupational Health & Safety Management Systems (Annex Institution of Occupational Safety & Health (1993) - Risk Assessment 

The '5 steps to risk assessment' methodology

• Step 1: Identify the hazards (PEME) 
• Step 2: Decide who might be harmed and how 
• Step 3: Evaluate the risks and decide whether existing control measures are adequate or additional control measures are required SFARP — ERIC PD 
• Step 4: Record the findings the significant findings when you employer 5 or more persons and significant findings. 
• Step 5: review your assessment and revise if necessary. This involves setting a routine, scheduled review. The frequency of review depends upon the level of risk in the operation, and should normally not exceed five years. It may be found useful to carry out a review of risk assessments as part of the safety policy/ manual review since the two activities are closely linked.

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General Control Hierarchy - RISK ASSESSMENT

The general control hierarchy is remembered as ERIC PD;

• Eliminate the hazard - the substance or work practice 
• Reduce (the use or frequency)or Substitute (e.g. a powder to pellets) 
• Isolate - a glove box for handling hazardous biological agents 
• Controls - engineering controls e.g. LEV and safe systems of work e.g. PTW 
• PPE - hard hat, safety boots, gloves etc. 
• Discipline - enforcement of the rules, safety signs, IITS, disciplinary procedures 

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Role of Inspections - Health and Safety Risk Assessment

Role of Inspections

There are 4 broad types of inspection and these are;

• General workplace inspections - carried out by line management or safety representatives

• Technical inspections - of equipments such as scaffolds, excavations, lifting equipment 

• Preventative maintenance inspections - normally carried out by maintenance staff 

• Pre-use checks of equipment - normally done by the operator themselves. 

Risk based inspection (RBI) considers the probability of failure and its consequences. The technique is intended to get better value for money from inspection and is intrinsically linked to the risk assessment. 

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Evaluating Risk and the Adequacy of Existing Controls

Determine risk

The risk from the hazard should be determined by estimating the potential severity of harm and the likelihood that harm will occur by considering the adequacy of any existing controls.

Severity of harm

Information obtained about work activities is a vital input to risk assessment. When seeking to establish potential severity of harm, the following should also be considered:

• Part(s) of the body likely to be affected; 
• Nature of the harm, ranging from slightly to extremely harmful:

1. slightly harmful, e.g.: superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation from dust;nuisance and irritation (e.g. headaches); ill-health leading to temporary discomfort; 
2. harmful, e.g.lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minor fractures;deafness; dermatitis; asthma; work related upper limb disorders; ill-health leading to permanent minor disability:
3. extremely harmful, e.g.amputations; major fractures; poisonings; multiple injuries; fatal injuries; occupational cancer; other severely life shortening diseases; acute fatal diseases.

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